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The term “Environmental and Social Safeguards (or Standards)” is used by development institutions, i

If environmental reviews indicate the need of monitoring by JICA, JICA undertakes monitoring for necessary items that are decided by environmental reviews. JICA undertakes monitoring based on regular reports including measured data submitted by the project proponent.

Key water security issues are broken down into three main categories: water quality, water quantity, and social impacts. In mine water issues, water quality often supersedes quantity, as other industries, particularly agricultural, consume more water.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a tool that is used to assess and manage individual development projects, with an aim of maximising positive benefits and minimising negative impacts for local communities and their environment.